RULES IN BRIEF Riders must be at least 18 to compete in three-day and jumping events and at least 16 for dressage Horses must be at least seven years old Whips and blinkers are not permitted Horse must carry a passport from the International Equestrian Federation Dressage riders must wear formal dress, but military and police personnel may wear their uniforms In jumping and steeplechase events, a first refusal to jump results in a 40-point penalty, a second refusal 80 points and a third refusal elimination In jumping and steeplechase events, a first fall results in 120 penalty points and a second fall in elimination Ties in the team event are broken by comparing the scores of the third placed rider on each team Riders are eliminated if they receive any unauthorised help Riders can be eliminated if they receive warning that they have deviated from the course